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Original |
Translation |
| 1 |
【第一章】 |
Chapter I. |
| |
子曰、為政以德、譬如北辰、居其所、而眾星共之。
|
The Master said, 'He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be
compared to the north polar star, which keeps
its place and all the stars turn towards it.' |
| 2 |
【第二章】 |
Chapter II. |
| |
子曰、詩三百、一言以蔽之、曰、思無邪。
|
The Master said, 'In the Book of Poetry
are three hundred pieces, but the design of
them all may be
embraced in one sentence-- "Having
no depraved thoughts. "' |
| 3 |
【第三章】 |
Chapter
III. |
| 3-1 |
子曰、道之以政、齊之以刑、民免而無恥。 |
The Master said, 'If the people be
led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given
them by punishments, they will try to avoid
the punishment, but have no sense of shame. |
| 3-2 |
道
之以德、齊之以禮、有恥且格。 |
'If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought
to be given them by the rules of propriety,
they will have the sense of shame, and moreover
will become good.' |
| 4 |
【第四章】 |
Chapter IV |
| 4-1 |
子曰、吾十有五而志于學。 |
The Master said, 'At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. |
| 4-2 |
三十而立。 |
'At thirty, I stood firm. |
| 4-3 |
四十而不惑。 |
'At forty, I had no doubts. |
4-4 |
五
十而知天命。 |
'At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. |
| 4-5 |
六十而耳順。 |
'At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. |
4-6
|
七十而從心所欲、不踰矩。
|
'At seventy, I could follow what my
heart desired, without transgressing
what was right.'
|
| 5 |
【第五章】 |
Chapter V. |
| 5-1 |
孟懿子問孝、子曰、無違。 |
Meng [Mang] I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'It is not being
disobedient.' |
| 5-2 |
樊遲御、子告之曰、
孟孫問孝於我、我對曰、無違。 |
Soon after, as Fan Chi [Fan Ch'ih] was driving him, the
Master told him, saying, 'Meng Sun [Mang-sun]
asked me what filial piety was, and I answered
him,-- "not being disobedient."' |
| 5-3 |
樊遲曰、何謂也、子曰、生事之以
禮、死葬之以禮、祭之以禮。 |
Fan Chi said, 'What did you mean?' The Master replied, 'That parents, when
alive, be served according to propriety; that,
when dead, they should be buried according
to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed
to according to propriety.' |
| 6 |
【第六章】 |
Chapter VI. |
| |
孟武伯問孝、子曰、父母唯其疾之憂。
|
Meng Wu [Mang Wu] asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'Parents are
anxious lest their children should be sick.' |
| 7 |
【第七章】 |
Chapter VII. |
| |
子游問孝、子曰、今之孝者、是謂能養、至於犬馬、皆能有養、
不敬、何以別乎。 |
Ziyou [Tsze-yu] asked what filial piety was. The
Master said, 'The filial piety of now-a-days means the support
of one's parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do
something in the way of support;-- without reverence, what is
there to distinguish the one support given from the other?' |
| 8 |
【第八章】 |
Chapter VIII. |
| |
子夏問孝、子曰、色難、有事、弟子服其勞、有酒食、先生饌、
曾是以為孝乎。 |
Zixia asked what filial piety was.
The Master said, 'The difficulty is with the
countenance. If, when their elders have any
troublesome affairs, the young take the toil
of them, and if, when the young have wine and
food, they set them before their elders, is
THIS to be considered filial piety?' |
| 9 |
【第九章】 |
Chapter IX. |
| |
子曰、吾與回言終日、不違、如愚。退兒省其私、亦足以發、回
也不愚。
|
The Master said, 'I have talked with Hui [Hui]
for a whole day, and he has not made any objection
to anything I said;-- as if he were stupid.
He has retired, and I have examined his conduct
when away from me, and found him able to illustrate
my teachings. Hui!-- He is not stupid.' |
| 10 |
【第十章】 |
Chapter X. |
| 10-1 |
子曰、視其所以。 |
The Master said, 'See what a man does. |
| 10-2 |
觀其所由。 |
'Mark his motives. |
| 10-3 |
察其所 安。 |
'Examine in what things he rests. |
| 10-4 |
人焉廋哉、人焉廋哉。 |
'How can a man conceal his character? |
| 11 |
【十一章】 |
Chapter XI |
| |
子曰、溫故而知新、可以為師矣。 |
The Master said, 'If a man keeps cherishing
his old knowledge, so as continually to be
acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.' |
| 12 |
【十二章】 |
Chapter XII. |
| |
子曰、君子不器。
|
The Master said, 'The accomplished scholar
is not a utensil.' |
| 13 |
【十三章】 |
Chapter XIII. |
| |
子貢問君子、子曰、先行其言、而後從之。
|
Zigong asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, 'He acts
before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according
to his actions.' |
| 14 |
【十四章】 |
Chapter XIV. |
| |
子曰、君子周而不比、小人比而不周。
|
The Master said, 'The superior man is
catholic and no partisan. The mean man is partisan
and not catholic.' |
| 15 |
【十五章】 |
Chapter XV. |
| |
子曰、學而不思則罔、思而不學則殆。
|
The Master said, 'Learning without thought
is labour lost; thought without learning is
perilous.' |
| 16 |
【十六章】 |
Chapter XVI.
|
| |
子曰、攻乎異端、斯害也己。 |
The Master said, 'The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed! |
| 17 |
【十七章】 |
Chapter XVII. |
| |
子曰、由、誨女知之乎、知之為知之、不知為不知、是知也。
|
The Master said, 'You [Yu], shall I teach you
what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to
hold that you know it; and when you do not
know a thing, to allow that you do not know
it;-- this is knowledge.' |
| 18 |
【十八章】 |
Chapter XVIII. |
| 18-1 |
子張學干祿。 |
Zizhang [Tsze-chang] was learning with a view
to official emolument. |
| 18-2 |
子曰、多聞闕疑、慎言其餘、則
寡尤、多見闕殆、慎行其餘、則寡悔、言寡尤、行寡悔、祿在其中矣。 |
The Master said, 'Hear much and put aside the
points of which you stand in doubt, while you
speak cautiously at the same time of the others:--
then you will afford few occasions for blame.
See much and put aside the things which seem
perilous, while you are cautious at the same
time in carrying
the others into practice:-- then you will have few occasions for repentance.
When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions
for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.' |
| 19 |
【十九章】 |
Chapter XIX. |
| |
哀公聞曰、何為則民服。孔子對曰、舉直錯諸枉、則民服、舉枉
錯諸直、則民不服。
|
The Duke Ai [Ai] asked, saying, 'What should
be done in order to secure the submission of
the people?'
Confucius replied, 'Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then
the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright,
then the people will not submit.' |
| 20 |
【二十章】 |
Chapter XX. |
| |
季康子問使民敬忠以勤、如之何。子曰、臨之以莊、則敬、孝慈、則忠、舉善而教不能、則勤。 |
Ji Kang [Chi K'ang] asked how to cause the people
to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to
him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue.
The Master said, 'Let him preside over them
with gravity;-- then they will reverence him.
Let him be filial and kind to all;-- then they
will be faithful to him. Let him advance the
good and teach the incompetent;-- then they
will eagerly seek to be virtuous.' |
| 21 |
【廿一章】 |
Chapter XXI. |
| 21-1 |
或謂孔子曰、子奚不為政。 |
Some one addressed Confucius, saying, 'Sir, why are you not engaged
in the government?' |
| 21-2 |
子曰、書云孝乎、惟孝友于兄弟、施於有政、是亦為政、奚其為為政。
|
The Master said, 'What does the Shu [Shu-ching] say
of filial piety?-- "You are filial, you discharge
your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government." This
then also constitutes the exercise of government. Why must there be THAT--
making one be in the government?' |
| 22 |
【廿二章】 |
Chapter XXII. |
| |
子曰、人而無信、不知其可也、大車無輗、小車無軏、其何以行
之哉。
|
The Master said, 'I do not know how a
man without truthfulness is to get on. How
can a large carriage be made to go without
the cross-bar for yoking the oxen to, or a
small carriage without the arrangement for
yoking the horses?' |
| 23 |
【廿三章】 |
Chapter XXIII. |
| 23-1 |
子張問十世、可知也。 |
Zizhang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known. |
| 23-2 |
子曰、殷因於夏禮所損益、可知也、周因於殷禮、所損益、可知也、其或繼周者、雖百世、可知也。 |
Confucius said, 'The Yin [Yin] dynasty followed the regulations of the Xia [Hsia]:
wherein it took from or added to them may be
known.
The Zhou [Chau] dynasty has followed the regulations
of Yin: wherein it took from or added to them
may be known. Some other may follow the Zhou,
but though it should be at the
distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known.' |
| 24 |
【廿四章】 |
Chapter XXIV |
| 24-1 |
子曰、非其鬼而祭之、諂也。 |
The Master said, 'For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to
him is flattery. |
| 24-2 |
見義不為、無勇也。 |
'To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.' |
